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AIM: AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor

Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)

AI-related legislation is gaining traction, and effective policymaking needs evidence, foresight and international cooperation. The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners, and all stakeholders worldwide gain valuable insights into the risks and harms of AI systems. Over time, AIM will help to show risk patterns and establish a collective understanding of AI incidents and hazards and their multifaceted nature, serving as an important tool for trustworthy AI. AI incidents seem to be getting more media attention lately, but they've actually gone down as a share of all AI news (see chart below!).

The information displayed in the AIM should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries.

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As percentage of total AI events
Note: An AI incident or hazard can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event. Data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry.
Show summary statistics of AI incidents & hazards
Results: About 6310 incidents & hazards
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Anduril and HD Hyundai Partner to Develop Autonomous Naval Military Systems

2024-04-15
Korea

US defense tech firm Anduril Industries and South Korea's HD Hyundai Heavy Industries have formed a partnership to develop AI-enabled autonomous naval systems for military use. The collaboration aims to combine advanced shipbuilding with AI-driven autonomy, raising concerns about potential future risks from deploying autonomous military platforms.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilitySafety
Industries:
Government, security, and defenceRobots, sensors, and IT hardware
Affected stakeholders:
General public
Harm types:
Physical (death)Physical (injury)Human or fundamental rights
Severity:
AI hazard
Business function:
Research and development
Autonomy level:
High-action autonomy (human-out-of-the-loop)
AI system task:
Recognition/object detectionGoal-driven organisation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The event involves AI systems explicitly, as Anduril's Lattice software platform provides AI-enabled autonomy and sensor fusion for military robotic systems. The partnership aims to develop new autonomous naval platforms, which could plausibly lead to AI-related harms in the future, such as misuse or accidents involving autonomous weapons or unmanned vehicles. However, no actual harm, malfunction, or violation has occurred yet, and the article focuses on the collaboration and potential future developments rather than any realized incident. Thus, the event fits the definition of an AI Hazard, reflecting a credible risk of future harm stemming from the development and deployment of AI-enabled autonomous military systems.[AI generated]

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UN Experts Condemn Israel's Use of AI in Gaza Attacks Causing Civilian Harm

2024-04-15
Palestinian Authority
Open in  AIID Logo

UN special rapporteurs condemned Israel's use of AI systems such as 'Gospel' and 'Lavender' in military operations in Gaza, citing unprecedented destruction of civilian infrastructure and deprivation of basic rights. The AI-driven attacks are linked to increased civilian casualties and are described as crimes against humanity and potential genocide.[AI generated]

AI principles:
Respect of human rightsSafety
Industries:
Government, security, and defence
Affected stakeholders:
General public
Harm types:
Physical (death)Physical (injury)Economic/Property
Severity:
AI incident
Business function:
Other
AI system task:
Recognition/object detectionGoal-driven organisation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The article explicitly mentions the use of AI systems in military attacks that have caused large-scale destruction and harm to civilians in Gaza. The harms include injury and death, destruction of property and infrastructure, and violations of fundamental human rights. The AI systems are implicated as increasing the scale of harm. Therefore, this event meets the criteria for an AI Incident due to direct harm caused by the use of AI in a conflict setting.[AI generated]

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AI Language Models Proven More Persuasive Than Humans in Online Debates, Raising Manipulation Risks

2024-04-15
Switzerland

A Swiss study found that large language models like ChatGPT are significantly more persuasive than humans in online debates, especially when given personal data about opponents. Researchers warn this capability could be misused for disinformation, impersonation, and manipulating public opinion, posing future risks to communities and democratic processes.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilityPrivacy & data governance
Industries:
Media, social platforms, and marketingGovernment, security, and defence
Affected stakeholders:
General public
Harm types:
Public interestReputationalPsychological
Severity:
AI hazard
Business function:
Marketing and advertisement
Autonomy level:
Low-action autonomy (human-in-the-loop)
AI system task:
Interaction support/chatbotsContent generation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The article explicitly involves AI systems (large language models) and discusses their use in persuasion and influence in online debates. It highlights the potential for these AI systems to be used maliciously to spread misinformation and impersonate individuals, which could plausibly lead to harms such as violations of rights, harm to communities, and disruption of democratic processes. Since the harms are not reported as having occurred yet but are clearly plausible and credible risks, this event qualifies as an AI Hazard rather than an AI Incident. The article does not describe a realized harm but warns about credible future risks associated with AI use in persuasion and misinformation.[AI generated]

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Meta Faces Lawsuit and Political Pressure Over AI-Driven Scam Ads in Japan

2024-04-15
Japan

Meta's AI-driven ad platform on Facebook enabled fraudulent ads impersonating celebrities, leading to financial losses for users. Four victims are suing Meta's Japan unit for damages. Japanese politicians have demanded Meta consider halting ads, criticizing the company's insufficient response to the ongoing scam ad problem.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilityRobustness & digital security
Industries:
Media, social platforms, and marketingDigital security
Affected stakeholders:
Consumers
Harm types:
Economic/PropertyReputationalPublic interest
Severity:
AI incident
Business function:
Marketing and advertisement
Autonomy level:
High-action autonomy (human-out-of-the-loop)
AI system task:
Organisation/recommendersEvent/anomaly detection
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

Meta's platforms use AI systems for ad targeting and content recommendation. The fraudulent ads exploiting these systems have directly led to financial harm to users (investment scams). The article highlights the company's responsibility and failure to adequately prevent such AI-enabled harms, which fits the definition of an AI Incident due to realized harm caused by AI system use and insufficient mitigation.[AI generated]

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US Marine Corps Awards $249M Contract for AI-Enabled Loitering Munition Drones

2024-04-15
United States

The US Marine Corps awarded a $249 million contract to Teledyne FLIR Defense, AeroVironment, and Anduril for the Organic Precision Fires-Light program, supplying AI-enabled loitering munition drones. These autonomous weapon systems, designed for small units, pose credible risks of future harm due to their lethal, AI-driven targeting capabilities.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilitySafety
Industries:
Government, security, and defenceRobots, sensors, and IT hardware
Affected stakeholders:
General public
Harm types:
Physical (death)Physical (injury)Human or fundamental rights
Severity:
AI hazard
Business function:
Other
Autonomy level:
High-action autonomy (human-out-of-the-loop)
AI system task:
Recognition/object detectionGoal-driven organisation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The loitering munition drones described are AI-enabled systems (autonomous or semi-autonomous drones with precision strike capabilities). While no harm or incident is reported, the nature of these weapons and their deployment plausibly could lead to AI Incidents involving injury or violations of rights. Since the article focuses on the contract award and system capabilities without any actual harm occurring, it fits the definition of an AI Hazard rather than an AI Incident. The financial and investment details are unrelated to AI harm classification and do not affect the assessment.[AI generated]

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Judge Dismisses Some Claims Against Zuckerberg in Meta AI Addiction Lawsuits

2024-04-15
United States

A US judge dismissed certain claims seeking to hold Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg personally liable in lawsuits alleging Facebook and Instagram's AI-driven features harm children by fostering addiction and mental health issues. The litigation against Meta continues, focusing on the alleged harms caused by the platforms' AI systems.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilitySafety
Industries:
Media, social platforms, and marketingHealthcare, drugs, and biotechnology
Affected stakeholders:
Children
Harm types:
Psychological
Severity:
AI incident
Business function:
Marketing and advertisement
Autonomy level:
High-action autonomy (human-out-of-the-loop)
AI system task:
Organisation/recommendersForecasting/prediction
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The social media platforms mentioned (Meta, Google, TikTok, Snapchat) use AI systems for content recommendation and engagement optimization, which are central to the allegations of causing addiction and related harms. The lawsuits claim that these AI-driven design decisions have led to significant harm to children's mental and physical health, including increased suicide rates. Although the judge dismissed personal liability for Zuckerberg, the companies remain liable, and the harms are ongoing. This fits the definition of an AI Incident because the AI systems' use has directly or indirectly led to harm to groups of people (children).[AI generated]

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AI-Generated Deepfake Video of Biden Spreads Misinformation Online

2024-04-15
United States

A generative AI service was used to create a realistic deepfake video of U.S. President Biden, which was widely disseminated on social media in March. The video, viewed over 660,000 times, spread false information and raised concerns about AI-enabled disinformation ahead of the U.S. presidential election.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilityTransparency & explainability
Industries:
Media, social platforms, and marketingGovernment, security, and defence
Affected stakeholders:
General publicGovernment
Harm types:
Public interestReputational
Severity:
AI incident
Autonomy level:
No-action autonomy (human support)
AI system task:
Content generation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The AI system's use directly led to the creation and dissemination of a deepfake video, which constitutes harm to communities by spreading misinformation and potentially influencing public opinion and democratic processes. The article indicates that the harm is already realized through the video's spread, and there is a clear risk of further harm through misuse in the future. Therefore, this qualifies as an AI Incident due to the realized harm from the AI-generated disinformation.[AI generated]

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Target Sued for Unconsented Biometric Data Collection via AI Surveillance

2024-04-15
United States

Target faces a class action lawsuit in Illinois for allegedly using AI-powered facial recognition and surveillance systems to collect and store customers' biometric data without consent, violating the state's Biometric Information Privacy Act and raising concerns over privacy rights and potential identity theft.[AI generated]

AI principles:
Privacy & data governanceRespect of human rights
Industries:
Logistics, wholesale, and retailDigital security
Affected stakeholders:
Consumers
Harm types:
Human or fundamental rightsEconomic/PropertyReputational
Severity:
AI incident
Business function:
Monitoring and quality control
AI system task:
Recognition/object detection
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The event explicitly involves the use of an AI system (facial recognition technology) for biometric data collection. The alleged harm is a violation of biometric privacy rights protected under Illinois law, which is a breach of obligations under applicable law intended to protect fundamental rights. The lawsuit claims that the AI system's use directly led to this harm by collecting and storing biometric data without consent. Therefore, this qualifies as an AI Incident due to the direct involvement of AI in causing a legal rights violation.[AI generated]

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AI-Generated Kendrick Lamar Diss Tracks Spark Controversy in Hip-Hop Community

2024-04-15
United States

AI technology was used to create fake diss tracks mimicking Kendrick Lamar's voice, fueling controversy and confusion in the hip-hop community. Allegations suggest Drake may be behind the AI-generated leaks, raising concerns over intellectual property rights, artist authenticity, and the use of AI for online harassment.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilityPrivacy & data governance
Industries:
Media, social platforms, and marketingArts, entertainment, and recreation
Affected stakeholders:
WorkersGeneral public
Harm types:
ReputationalEconomic/PropertyPsychological
Severity:
AI incident
Autonomy level:
Low-action autonomy (human-in-the-loop)
AI system task:
Content generation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The article explicitly mentions the use of AI technology to generate fake diss tracks replicating Kendrick Lamar's voice and the use of bots for online harassment. These actions involve the use and potential misuse of AI systems. The harms include reputational harm, harassment, and manipulation of public discourse, which can be considered harm to communities and violations of rights. Since the article describes ongoing use and harm caused by AI-generated content and bot harassment, this qualifies as an AI Incident.[AI generated]

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AI Chatbots Spread Misinformation About European Elections

2024-04-15

AI chatbots from Google, Microsoft, and OpenAI were found to provide false or misleading information about the European Parliament elections, including incorrect voting dates and procedures, in multiple languages. The issue was documented by Democracy Reporting International, raising concerns about AI-driven misinformation impacting democratic processes.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilityTransparency & explainability
Industries:
Media, social platforms, and marketingGovernment, security, and defence
Affected stakeholders:
General public
Harm types:
Public interestHuman or fundamental rightsReputational
Severity:
AI incident
Autonomy level:
No-action autonomy (human support)
AI system task:
Interaction support/chatbotsContent generation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The event involves AI systems (chatbots) that have been shown to disseminate false information about a major election, which is a direct harm to communities and democratic rights. The misinformation is not hypothetical but has been documented through testing, indicating realized harm. The AI systems' outputs have directly led to the spread of falsehoods, fulfilling the criteria for an AI Incident under the framework. The article also mentions responses from companies and regulatory requests, but the primary focus is on the harm caused by the AI systems' misinformation, not just on governance or complementary information.[AI generated]

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Hyundai Mobis to Launch Level 4 Autonomous Vehicle Tests in Incheon

2024-04-15
Korea

Hyundai Mobis will conduct large-scale tests of Level 4 autonomous vehicles in Incheon, South Korea, starting in 2025. Partnering with local authorities and tech firms, the project aims to advance self-driving technology, though no incidents or harm have been reported as the trials are in the planning stage.[AI generated]

AI principles:
SafetyRobustness & digital security
Industries:
Mobility and autonomous vehiclesRobots, sensors, and IT hardware
Harm types:
Physical (injury)Physical (death)Economic/Property
Severity:
AI hazard
Business function:
Research and development
Autonomy level:
High-action autonomy (human-out-of-the-loop)
AI system task:
Recognition/object detectionEvent/anomaly detection
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The event involves the use of an AI system (level 4 autonomous driving) in real-world urban testing. Although no harm has been reported yet, the nature of autonomous driving technology inherently carries risks that could plausibly lead to injury or other harms if the system malfunctions or fails. Therefore, this event qualifies as an AI Hazard because it describes a credible scenario where the AI system's use could plausibly lead to an AI Incident in the future. It is not an AI Incident because no harm has occurred yet, nor is it merely complementary information or unrelated news.[AI generated]

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Deepfake Video of BJP MP Sparks Political Controversy and Legal Action in India

2024-04-15
India

A deepfake video allegedly showing BJP MP Dinesh Lal Yadav making controversial remarks circulated online, prompting BJP leaders to accuse Congress of using AI-generated deepfakes to mislead voters and sow social division. Legal complaints were filed against Congress leaders, highlighting the harm caused by AI-driven misinformation during elections.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilityTransparency & explainability
Industries:
Media, social platforms, and marketingGovernment, security, and defence
Affected stakeholders:
General public
Harm types:
ReputationalPublic interest
Severity:
AI incident
Autonomy level:
No-action autonomy (human support)
AI system task:
Content generation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The event explicitly mentions the use of AI to create a deep fake video that misrepresents a political figure, which is being used to malign his image and mislead the public. This constitutes a violation of rights and harm to communities by spreading false information and sowing social division. The AI system's use in generating the deep fake video is central to the harm caused. Therefore, this qualifies as an AI Incident rather than a hazard or complementary information.[AI generated]

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Dutch Police Receive Approval to Test Autonomous Drone Beyond Visual Line of Sight

2024-04-15
Netherlands

The Dutch police have received regulatory approval to test an autonomous drone capable of flying beyond the pilot's visual line of sight around Twente Airport. The drone will be used in simulated and real emergency scenarios to provide rapid situational awareness, raising potential future risks but with no reported incidents so far.[AI generated]

AI principles:
SafetyRobustness & digital security
Industries:
Government, security, and defenceMobility and autonomous vehicles
Harm types:
Physical (injury)Economic/PropertyPublic interest
Severity:
AI hazard
Business function:
Compliance and justice
Autonomy level:
High-action autonomy (human-out-of-the-loop)
AI system task:
Recognition/object detectionEvent/anomaly detection
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The event involves the use of AI systems (autonomous drones) in a testing phase. There is no indication that any harm has occurred or that harm is imminent. The event describes a trial of AI technology with potential future risks but no realized harm yet. Therefore, it qualifies as an AI Hazard because the autonomous drones could plausibly lead to incidents if deployed widely or malfunctioning, but no incident has occurred yet.[AI generated]

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UK Criminalises Creation of AI-Generated Sexually Explicit Deepfakes

2024-04-14
United Kingdom

The UK government has introduced a new law making it a criminal offense to create sexually explicit deepfake images using AI without consent. Offenders face unlimited fines, criminal records, and possible jail time, addressing the growing harm and distress caused by non-consensual AI-generated sexual content.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilityPrivacy & data governance
Industries:
Media, social platforms, and marketingDigital security
Affected stakeholders:
General public
Harm types:
PsychologicalReputationalHuman or fundamental rights
Severity:
AI incident
Autonomy level:
Low-action autonomy (human-in-the-loop)
AI system task:
Content generation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The event involves AI systems used to create deepfake content, which is explicitly mentioned as AI-generated manipulated images or videos. The harms described include exploitation, harassment, and violation of individuals' rights, which have already occurred or are ongoing. The article focuses on the legal response to these harms, indicating that the AI system's use has directly led to violations of rights and harm to communities. Therefore, this qualifies as an AI Incident due to realized harm caused by AI-generated deepfake pornography without consent.[AI generated]

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Criminals Use AI and Deepfakes to Escalate Identity Fraud in the UK

2024-04-14
United Kingdom

Fraud prevention body Cifas reports a surge in AI-enabled identity fraud, with criminals using deepfake images, videos, and audio for phishing scams and account takeovers. Over 374,000 fraud cases were reported in 2023, with identity theft accounting for nearly two-thirds, causing significant financial and personal harm to consumers.[AI generated]

AI principles:
Privacy & data governanceRespect of human rights
Industries:
Digital securityFinancial and insurance services
Affected stakeholders:
Consumers
Harm types:
Economic/PropertyPsychologicalReputational
Severity:
AI incident
Autonomy level:
No-action autonomy (human support)
AI system task:
Content generation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The article explicitly mentions the use of AI and deepfake technology by criminals to perpetrate identity fraud and social engineering scams, which have resulted in actual financial harm to victims. The AI systems are involved in the misuse and malicious use of AI-generated content and techniques to steal consumer details and commit fraud. This constitutes an AI Incident because the AI system's use has directly led to harm (financial loss and identity theft) to people and communities. The harm is realized and ongoing, not merely potential, and the AI role is pivotal in enabling sophisticated fraud methods.[AI generated]

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AI-Generated Spam and Academic Dishonesty Cause Harm Online and in Education

2024-04-14
Bulgaria

Generative AI is being used to create low-quality spam content that misleads users on Google, including in health and technical advice, and contaminates training data. Separately, studies show students increasingly use AI chatbots to generate coursework, undermining academic integrity and harming educational standards.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilityFairness
Industries:
Media, social platforms, and marketingEducation and training
Affected stakeholders:
General public
Harm types:
Physical (injury)ReputationalPublic interest
Severity:
AI incident
Business function:
Marketing and advertisement
Autonomy level:
No-action autonomy (human support)
AI system task:
Content generationInteraction support/chatbots
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The event involves the use of AI systems (chatbots) by students to generate coursework, which constitutes indirect harm to the educational community and academic integrity, a form of harm to communities and violation of ethical standards. The AI system's use has directly led to this harm as per the study's findings. Therefore, this qualifies as an AI Incident due to realized harm caused by AI use in academic dishonesty and its impact on education.[AI generated]

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Hyundai and Palantir Partner to Develop AI-Powered Autonomous Naval Vessels

2024-04-14
Korea

HD Hyundai Heavy Industries and Palantir Technologies have announced a partnership to develop unmanned surface vessels (USVs) equipped with AI-based autonomous navigation and mission autonomy systems for surveillance and future combat roles. The deployment of such AI-enabled military vessels poses significant potential risks if misused or malfunctioning.[AI generated]

AI principles:
Robustness & digital securitySafety
Industries:
Government, security, and defenceMobility and autonomous vehicles
Affected stakeholders:
General public
Harm types:
Physical (death)Physical (injury)Public interest
Severity:
AI hazard
Business function:
Monitoring and quality control
Autonomy level:
High-action autonomy (human-out-of-the-loop)
AI system task:
Recognition/object detectionEvent/anomaly detection
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The article describes the development and future deployment of AI-enabled unmanned surface vessels for surveillance and combat, which involves AI systems with autonomous navigation and mission autonomy. While no harm has yet occurred, the intended use in combat and hazardous zones implies a credible risk of future harm, such as injury, disruption, or violations of rights. Therefore, this event qualifies as an AI Hazard due to the plausible future harms associated with the AI system's use in military applications. It is not an AI Incident because no harm has materialized, nor is it Complementary Information or Unrelated as it directly concerns AI system development with potential for harm.[AI generated]

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AI-Powered Drones Cause Harm in Modern Warfare Across Multiple Conflicts

2024-04-13
Ukraine

AI-controlled drones, used extensively in Ukraine and other conflict zones, autonomously identify and attack targets, causing deaths and significant damage to critical infrastructure. While Ukraine develops advanced AI drones to evade countermeasures, U.S. AI drones have proven vulnerable. Iranian AI-powered drones have also inflicted harm in Sudan, Yemen, and beyond.[AI generated]

AI principles:
AccountabilitySafety
Industries:
Government, security, and defenceMobility and autonomous vehicles
Affected stakeholders:
General publicGovernment
Harm types:
Physical (death)Physical (injury)Economic/Property
Severity:
AI incident
Business function:
Other
Autonomy level:
High-action autonomy (human-out-of-the-loop)
AI system task:
Recognition/object detectionGoal-driven organisation
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The drones described are AI systems as they perform autonomous or semi-autonomous targeting and attack functions, including swarm tactics. Their use has directly led to harm including deaths, damage to critical infrastructure (food and energy sectors), and disruption of military and civilian operations. The article details realized harm from these AI systems, fulfilling the criteria for an AI Incident. The discussion of countermeasures and future technologies does not overshadow the fact that harm has already occurred due to the AI systems' deployment.[AI generated]

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Tesla Software Update Traps User in Car During Extreme Heat

2024-04-13
United States

TikToker Brianna Janel was trapped inside her Tesla during a software update, unable to open doors or windows as temperatures reached up to 46°C. The AI-driven update process locked her in, causing significant distress and heat exposure, highlighting safety risks in Tesla's software management system.[AI generated]

AI principles:
SafetyRobustness & digital security
Industries:
Mobility and autonomous vehiclesIT infrastructure and hosting
Affected stakeholders:
Consumers
Harm types:
Physical (injury)Psychological
Severity:
AI incident
Business function:
ICT management and information security
Autonomy level:
High-action autonomy (human-out-of-the-loop)
AI system task:
Other
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

Tesla vehicles incorporate AI systems for autonomous driving and software management. The software update process locked the user inside the vehicle, preventing escape and causing exposure to extreme heat, which is a direct harm to the user's health. The AI system's malfunction or design in handling the update and locking mechanism contributed to this harm. Therefore, this event qualifies as an AI Incident due to the realized harm (or significant risk thereof) caused by the AI system's operation during the software update.[AI generated]