The article discusses a credible risk of future harm (widespread job displacement) stemming from the use and advancement of AI systems. However, it does not describe any actual harm that has already occurred, nor does it report a specific incident or malfunction involving AI. Instead, it is a warning about plausible future harm and a call for governance responses. Therefore, this event fits the definition of an AI Hazard, as it concerns a plausible future AI-driven harm (labor displacement) without current realized harm.[AI generated]
AIM: AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor
Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)
AI-related legislation is gaining traction, and effective policymaking needs evidence, foresight and international cooperation. The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners, and all stakeholders worldwide gain valuable insights into the risks and harms of AI systems. Over time, AIM will help to show risk patterns and establish a collective understanding of AI incidents and hazards and their multifaceted nature, serving as an important tool for trustworthy AI. AI incidents seem to be getting more media attention lately, but they've actually gone down as a share of all AI news (see chart below!).
The information displayed in the AIM should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries.
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Show summary statistics of AI incidents & hazards

Economists and Tech Leaders Warn of AI-Driven Economic Disruption and Job Losses
Hundreds of economists, Nobel laureates, and tech leaders have issued an open letter warning that artificial intelligence could rapidly transform economies and cause large-scale job displacement. They urge immediate action from policymakers and industry to establish safeguards and ensure AI development benefits society as a whole.[AI generated]
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AI-Generated Deepfake Ads Exploit Fernanda Montenegro's Image in Fraudulent Medication Scam
Brazilian actress Fernanda Montenegro publicly denounced the unauthorized use of her AI-generated image and voice in fraudulent online ads promoting a fake medication for the elderly. The deepfake scam misled the public and exploited vulnerable groups, with similar incidents affecting other celebrities in Brazil.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly mentions the use of AI to simulate the actress's voice and image in fraudulent ads promoting false medical cures, which is a direct misuse of AI technology causing harm to people, especially elderly consumers. This fits the definition of an AI Incident because the AI system's use has directly led to harm through deception and potential health risks. The harm includes violation of rights (fraud, misuse of personal image) and harm to communities (misinformation and scams).[AI generated]

AI-Enabled Drone and Rafale Jet Demonstrate Collaborative Electronic Warfare Strike
Dassault Aviation and Harmattan AI successfully demonstrated a collaborative mission where an AI-powered NAMIB electronic warfare payload on a drone detected and geolocated enemy radar, relaying the data to a Rafale F4 fighter for a simulated strike. The test highlights future risks of autonomous AI in military targeting operations.[AI generated]
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The event involves the use and development of an AI system (Namib) with autonomous capabilities in electronic warfare, which is a military application with inherent risks of harm. Although the demonstration was simulated and no actual harm occurred, the deployment and development of such AI-enabled autonomous combat systems plausibly could lead to significant harms including injury, disruption, or violations of rights if used in real conflict. Therefore, this event constitutes an AI Hazard due to the credible risk posed by the development and potential use of AI-powered autonomous electronic warfare systems.[AI generated]
Helsing Raises $1.8 Billion to Expand AI-Powered Autonomous Military Systems
German defense AI company Helsing raised $1.8 billion, reaching an $18 billion valuation, to accelerate development and deployment of AI-driven autonomous drones, underwater systems, and combat aircraft. These military AI systems, designed for real-time decision-making in conflict zones, pose significant risks of future harm due to their autonomous capabilities.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly mentions AI software for autonomous combat jets and drones, indicating AI system involvement. The event is about the development and funding of these AI-enabled weapons, which could plausibly lead to harm such as injury or death in conflict, disruption of peace, and other serious consequences. Since no actual harm is reported yet, but the risk is credible and significant, this fits the definition of an AI Hazard. It is not an AI Incident because no harm has yet occurred. It is not Complementary Information because the article focuses on the development and funding of the AI systems themselves, not on responses or updates to past incidents. It is not Beneficial Use as the AI is intended for weapons, not for countering external harms without introducing new harm. It is not Unrelated because AI systems are central to the event.[AI generated]

AI-Driven Trust-Based Cyberattacks Target Indian Financial Sector
A report by Indian cyber agencies highlights a surge in AI-powered, trust-based cyberattacks on the financial sector. Attackers exploit AI-driven decision systems, biometric onboarding, and digital identities, leading to increased fraud, deepfake impersonations, and business email compromise, significantly impacting financial institutions in India.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly involves AI systems in the context of AI-driven decision-making and identity management within financial services, which are central to the new threat landscape. It discusses how attackers exploit these AI-related systems' vulnerabilities, creating a plausible risk of harm such as unauthorized access and systemic breaches. However, no actual harm or incident is reported; the focus is on the evolving threat environment and potential exploitation. This aligns with the definition of an AI Hazard, where the development or use of AI systems could plausibly lead to harm but no harm has yet occurred. The report serves as a warning and analysis rather than documenting a realized AI Incident or Complementary Information about a past event.[AI generated]

China Detains and Penalizes Individuals for AI-Generated Flood Disaster Misinformation
Chinese authorities detained 4 people and penalized 23 others for using AI software to create and spread false flood and disaster-related content online. The manipulated videos and images caused public panic and disrupted emergency response efforts in several provinces, highlighting the harmful impact of AI-generated misinformation during natural disasters.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly mentions the use of AI software to create false flood and disaster-related content, which led to significant harm by disrupting emergency response efforts and causing negative social impact. This meets the criteria for an AI Incident because the AI system's use directly led to harm to communities and disruption of critical infrastructure management. The law enforcement response and account bans are reactions to this harm, not the main focus of the article, so the event is not Complementary Information. Therefore, the event is classified as an AI Incident.[AI generated]

AI-Enabled Scams and Privacy Breaches Target World Cup Fans
Cybersecurity experts, including Kaspersky, warn that generative AI tools used by World Cup fans to create images and content are being exploited by malicious actors. These AI-powered platforms often lack proper security, leading to privacy violations, data theft, and sophisticated scams targeting users' personal and financial information.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly mentions the use of generative AI systems by users to create content and predictions related to the World Cup. It details how these AI tools lead to privacy violations by collecting excessive personal data without adequate protection, and how AI-generated content is used in scams and fraudulent schemes, causing harm to individuals and communities. The involvement of AI in these harms is direct and ongoing. The article also highlights misleading AI-based predictions that can cause financial harm through risky betting. These factors meet the criteria for an AI Incident, as the AI systems' use has directly or indirectly led to violations of rights and harm to communities.[AI generated]

EU Report Warns of AI-Driven Online Harms to Children
A European Commission report highlights serious risks to children's physical and mental health from widespread use of AI tools online, including the creation of synthetic child sexual abuse material. The report, presented by Ursula von der Leyen, underscores the vulnerability of minors to AI-enabled harms on digital platforms across the EU.[AI generated]
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The report explicitly identifies AI tools as a source of serious threats to children online, particularly through the production of synthetic child sexual abuse material, which is a direct harm to children's mental and physical health and a violation of their rights. The involvement of AI in generating such harmful content is clear and the harm is realized, not hypothetical. Hence, this meets the criteria for an AI Incident, as the AI system's use has directly led to significant harm to vulnerable groups (children and adolescents).[AI generated]
Ukraine Deploys AI-Enabled Robotic Assault on Kinburn Spit
Ukrainian forces conducted a first-of-its-kind combat mission by using an AI-enabled naval drone to deliver an armed ground robot onto Russian-held Kinburn Spit. The ground robot, remotely operated, fired at targets, demonstrating the direct use of AI systems in active combat and causing harm in a conflict zone.[AI generated]
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The event explicitly involves AI systems (naval drone and ground robot) used in a military assault, which has directly led to harm through armed engagement. The robotic ground vehicle fired shots at enemy targets, indicating direct involvement in causing harm. The use of AI in this context is not hypothetical or potential but realized in an active combat mission. Hence, it meets the definition of an AI Incident as the AI system's use has directly led to harm to persons in a conflict setting.[AI generated]

AI-Generated Fake Photo of Kusha Kapila and Samay Raina Sparks Misinformation and Harassment
AI-generated images falsely depicting influencer Kusha Kapila with comedian Samay Raina went viral on social media, leading to widespread misinformation, online harassment, and reputational harm. Kapila publicly clarified the images were fake and AI-generated, highlighting the misuse of AI to spread false narratives and cause personal distress.[AI generated]
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An AI system is explicitly involved as the photo is AI-generated (AI-altered). The use of this AI-generated image has directly led to reputational harm and misinformation affecting the individuals involved, which can be considered harm to communities and individuals' rights to truthful information. The AI system's misuse here has caused a clear harm by spreading false narratives and social media trolling. Therefore, this qualifies as an AI Incident due to the realized harm caused by the AI-generated fake photo.[AI generated]

Transnational AI-Driven Visa Fraud Network Dismantled in Colombia
Authorities in Colombia dismantled a transnational criminal network in Ibagué that used AI tools—such as deepfake technology, voice cloning, and chatbots—to impersonate U.S. diplomats and defraud hundreds of victims across several countries with fake visa and residency offers. Five suspects were arrested and multiple illegal call centers were shut down.[AI generated]
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The event involves the use of AI systems (facial alteration, voice cloning, chatbots) in the commission of fraud, directly causing harm to victims through deception and financial loss. The AI system's role is pivotal in enabling the criminal scheme, fulfilling the criteria for an AI Incident. The harms include violations of personal data rights and financial harm to individuals, as well as broader harm to communities through organized crime. Therefore, this event is classified as an AI Incident.[AI generated]

Meta Withdraws AI Tool Over Instagram Photo Privacy Backlash
Meta launched an AI feature allowing users to generate images using public Instagram photos without explicit consent, sparking significant privacy and consent concerns. Following intense public and industry backlash, including from Hollywood, Meta withdrew the tool within days, acknowledging it failed to meet privacy expectations.[AI generated]
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Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The AI system (Muse AI) was used to generate content based on publicly available user images without explicit consent, which constitutes a violation of rights (image, likeness, and intellectual property). The event involves the use of an AI system, its deployment, and the resulting harm through unauthorized use of personal data. The harm is realized as it caused significant backlash and rights violations concerns. The withdrawal is a response but does not negate the incident. Therefore, this is an AI Incident due to direct harm caused by the AI system's use.[AI generated]
Testing of AI-Controlled White Traffic Light for Autonomous Vehicles in Rome
European cities, particularly Rome, are preparing to test a new white traffic light designed for autonomous vehicles. This AI-driven system would allow intelligent coordination of traffic at intersections, with the white light signaling that control is managed by AI. No incidents or harm have been reported yet.[AI generated]
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The event involves AI systems (autonomous vehicles and intelligent traffic signals) coordinating intersection management, which fits the definition of an AI system. However, the article only discusses planned or ongoing testing and potential benefits and challenges, with no actual harm or incident reported. There is a plausible risk that the system could lead to harm if it malfunctions or is improperly implemented, but this is not realized yet. Hence, the event qualifies as an AI Hazard, not an AI Incident or Complementary Information, since it is about a new technology's potential impact rather than a response or update to an existing incident.[AI generated]

Global Surge in AI-Driven Fraud and Deepfake Scams
AI systems, including deepfake generators and synthetic identity tools, are increasingly used by criminals worldwide to commit fraud, causing significant financial losses and identity theft. Notable incidents include $893 million in US losses, £1.28 billion in UK fraud, and Africa becoming a hotspot for iGaming fraud.[AI generated]
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The event involves the use of AI systems by criminals to commit fraud at scale, including AI-generated faces and synthetic identities, which directly cause financial harm and identity theft. The harms are realized and ongoing, affecting individuals and the broader digital economy in Africa. The AI system's use is malicious and central to the fraud, meeting the criteria for an AI Incident. The article does not merely warn of potential harm but reports on actual fraud occurrences involving AI, thus excluding classification as an AI Hazard or Complementary Information.[AI generated]

Boko Haram Uses AI Chatbots to Enhance Bomb-Making and Attack Tactics
Boko Haram insurgents in Nigeria have used AI-powered chatbots, including ChatGPT and Gemini, to obtain technical guidance on bomb-making, weapons, and battlefield tactics. This misuse of AI has directly improved their operational capabilities, enabling more effective attacks and raising security concerns about AI's exploitation by extremist groups.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly details the use of AI systems (large language models/chatbots) by terrorist groups to plan and execute violent attacks, including modifications to motorcycles for assault and bomb-making instructions. These uses have directly contributed to harm, including fatalities and successful attacks, fulfilling the criteria for an AI Incident. The AI systems' development and use have directly led to injury and harm to persons and communities, as well as violations of fundamental rights. The article also discusses the circumvention of AI safety measures, reinforcing the direct role of AI in causing harm. Hence, the event is classified as an AI Incident.[AI generated]

Trinidad and Tobago Signs AI Data Center Agreements Amid Environmental Concerns
Trinidad and Tobago signed agreements with US firms Hummingbird AI Holdings and Ernst & Young to develop large AI-enabled data centers. The deals have raised concerns about potential future environmental harm, including high energy consumption and ecological impact, though no actual harm has yet occurred.[AI generated]
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The agreements involve AI infrastructure and data centers, implying the use of AI systems. The concerns raised are about potential environmental harm, such as increased energy consumption and water shortages, which have not yet materialized but are plausible future harms. Since no direct harm has occurred yet, but there is a credible risk of harm from the AI systems' deployment, this event fits the definition of an AI Hazard rather than an AI Incident or other categories.[AI generated]

Meta and Google Appeal $6 Million Ruling Over AI-Driven Social Media Addiction
A U.S. court ordered Meta and Google to pay $6 million in damages after finding that AI-driven features like infinite scroll and autoplay on Instagram and YouTube contributed to youth addiction and mental health harm. Both companies are appealing the Los Angeles verdict, which could influence similar lawsuits.[AI generated]
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The social media platforms use AI-driven features (infinite scroll, autoplay) that influence user behavior and have been legally found to cause harm to youth mental health, a recognized harm to a group of people. The involvement of AI systems in causing this harm is explicit in the legal findings. The event is not merely a potential risk but a realized harm adjudicated in court, making it an AI Incident. The ongoing appeals do not change the classification as the harm has already been established at trial.[AI generated]

AI-Powered License Plate Cameras Raise Privacy and Rights Concerns in the US
Flock Safety's AI-driven license plate reader cameras, widely deployed across US cities, have led to privacy violations, unauthorized surveillance, and potential breaches of constitutional rights. Incidents include employee misuse, law enforcement tracking of activists, and use of data for controversial prosecutions, sparking public backlash and legal scrutiny.[AI generated]
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The Flock ALPR system is an AI system as it automatically reads and processes license plates using AI-based recognition technology. The misuse by a former officer to track individuals and the inadvertent sharing of data with federal agencies represent direct harms related to privacy violations and potential breaches of legal protections. The concerns raised by community groups and the police department's denial highlight the system's role in these harms. Since these harms have occurred and are linked to the AI system's use and malfunction (data sharing bug), the event meets the criteria for an AI Incident involving violations of rights and harm to communities.[AI generated]

US Military Deploys AI-Driven Unmanned Boats in Combat, Damaging Iranian Naval Base
The US military, using AI-enabled unmanned surface vessels (USVs), successfully attacked and damaged Iran's Bandar Abbas naval base, marking the first combat use of such systems. These autonomous boats, guided by advanced AI and remote control, caused significant harm to military infrastructure, demonstrating the disruptive impact of AI in warfare.[AI generated]
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The autonomous suicide USVs described are AI systems used in real combat operations that have directly led to harm by damaging or destroying enemy naval vessels and infrastructure. The article reports on actual successful attacks using these AI systems, thus meeting the criteria for an AI Incident due to direct harm to property and disruption of critical infrastructure. The planned procurement by Taiwan is related but does not itself constitute a hazard or incident; the main focus is on the existing operational use and harm caused by these AI systems. Therefore, the event is classified as an AI Incident.[AI generated]

Apple Sues OpenAI for Alleged Theft of Trade Secrets in AI Hardware Development
Apple has filed a lawsuit against OpenAI and two former employees, accusing them of stealing trade secrets to accelerate OpenAI's development of AI consumer hardware. The legal action highlights concerns over intellectual property violations linked to AI system development and competitive business practices in the United States.[AI generated]
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The event involves the use and development of AI systems by OpenAI, specifically in hardware and AI product development. The lawsuit alleges that OpenAI improperly acquired and used Apple's confidential information and trade secrets, which is a violation of intellectual property rights, a recognized harm under the AI Incident definition. Since the harm (violation of intellectual property rights) has already occurred and is directly linked to the development and use of AI systems by OpenAI, this qualifies as an AI Incident rather than a hazard or complementary information. The event is not merely a general news item or a beneficial use, but a concrete case of harm caused by AI-related activities.[AI generated]


























