This page lists the supporting materials for the OECD policy brief Securing AI compute: government policy approaches. It provides the full analysis underlying the brief’s figures as of May 2026, including a four-category classification of how AI compute is treated across national AI strategies of GPAI member countries and the European Union, and detailed information on the two dedicated national AI compute strategies.
Table 1. National/regional AI strategies of GPAI member countries and the European Union: lead instruments, governance, and treatment of AI compute
Methodological overview
This table examines national AI strategies as formally adopted government policy documents. Compute infrastructure, capability and investment delivered outside these documents are not assessed in the strategy classification. Documents are included where the issuing government treats them as the principal national AI policy framework, regardless of whether they are labelled “strategy”, “plan”, “policy”, “programme”, “vision”, “mission”, “agenda” or “action plan”. AI compute budgets are rarely articulated within national AI strategies and are therefore excluded from this table; ringfenced compute commitments appear in adjacent instruments (national budgets, EuroHPC funding agreements, dedicated compute strategies) and are partially captured in Table 2. The multi-stakeholder consultation column captures standing or strategy-specific consultation bodies, not ad hoc engagement. Where consultation processes are not publicly documented or have been superseded by subsequent governance arrangements, the cell is left as a dash. Each strategy is classified by the highest tier its document(s) satisfy. The classification assesses the strategy text itself, not adjacent compute investments delivered through separate instruments.
- Tier 1: Dedicated pillar. Compute infrastructure is named as one of the strategy’s core pillars, axes or top-level strategic priorities, with at least one of: a named compute capacity target (FLOPs, GPU count, supercomputer commitment); a ringfenced compute budget line; or a dedicated compute instrument named in the strategy text.
- Tier 2: Explicit commitment. Compute is addressed substantively in the strategy with concrete actions or named instruments, but as a transversal enabler or sub-component rather than a top-level pillar.
- Tier 3: Referenced. Compute is mentioned in the strategy at the level of principles, ambitions or generic actions, without specific commitments, named instruments or capacity targets.
- Tier 4: Absent. No national AI strategy exists.
| GPAI member country and the EU | National/regional AI Strategy | Year of adoption / revision | Lead entity for AI policies/strategy | Multi-stakeholder co-ordination/consultation | Compute treatment in national/regional AI strategy |
| Argentina | National AI Plan | 2019 | Office of the Chief of Cabinet of Ministers; Secretariat for Innovation, Science and Technology | Agency for Access to Public Information multi-stakeholder engagement | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Australia | National AI Plan (Predecessor: AI Action Plan, 2021) | 2025 | Department of Industry, Science and Resources (DISR); National AI Centre | Consultation conducted by DISR | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Austria | Artificial Intelligence Mission Austria 2030 (AIM AT 2030) | 2021; updated 2024 with implementation plan | Federal Chancellery Directorate-General for Digitalisation and E-Government; Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology | AI Stakeholder Forum | Explicit commitment (Tier 2) |
| Belgium | National Convergence Plan for the Development of AI Regional AI strategies (Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels-Capital Region) | 2022 | Federal Public Service Policy and Support (BOSA) Regional governments for regional strategies | AI4Belgium coalition | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Brazil | Brazilian AI Strategy (EBIA) Brazilian AI Plan 2024–2028 (PBIA) | 2021 2024 | Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) | Public consultations | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Canada | Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy (PCAIS) Phase 2 of PCAIS (2022) Next AI strategy under development | 2017 2021 Forthcoming | Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED); Minister of AI and Digital Innovation; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) for delivery | Advisory Council on Artificial Intelligence; AI Strategy Task Force (September 2025) for next strategy | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Chile | National AI Policy | 2021; updated 2024 | Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation (MinCiencia) | Multi-stakeholder consultations; AI Expert Committee | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Colombia | National AI Policy | 2025 | Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies (MinTIC) | Public consultations | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Costa Rica | National AI Strategy 2024–2027 | 2024 | Ministry of Science, Innovation, Technology and Telecommunications (MICITT) | Multi-stakeholder consultations | Explicit commitment (Tier 2) |
| Czechia | National AI Strategy of the Czech Republic 2030 | 2019; updated: 2024 | Ministry of Industry and Trade (MPO); Czech AI Coordinator | AI Committee; Czech Association of AI; Czech National AI Platform | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Denmark | National AI Strategy Strategic Approach to Artificial Intelligence | 2019 2024 | Ministry of Science, Higher Education, and Digital Affairs | – | Explicit commitment (Tier 2) |
| Estonia | National AI Strategy | First strategy: 2019 (2019–2021) Second: 2021 (2022–2023) Third: 2024 (2024–2026) | Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications; Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs | Data and AI committee: 2019 AI strategy developed in collaboration with 130+ organisations | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Finland | Finland’s Age of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence 4.0 Programme AI since integrated within the National Digital Compass | 2017 2020 2022 | Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment (TEM); Ministry of Transport and Communications | Digital Panel | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| France | National AI Strategy | Phase 1: 2018 Phase 2: 2022 Phase 3: 2025 | Ministry of Economics, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty; Directorate-General for Enterprise (DGE) | Generative AI Committee; Council on AI and Digital Technologies | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Germany | National AI Strategy AI Action Plan | 2018; updated: 2020 2023 | ‘Federal Ministry for Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR); Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK); Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) — joint coordination) | – | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Greece | Blueprint for Greece’s AI Transformation | 2024 | Ministry of Digital Governance | Advisory Committee, AI Politeia Lab; National Commission for Bioethics and Technoethics | Explicit commitment (Tier 2) |
| Hungary | National AI Strategy | First strategy: 2020 (2020–2030) Second strategy: 2025 (2025–2030) | Ministry for National Economy; AI Coalition | AI Coalition | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Iceland | Iceland’s Policy on Artificial Intelligence Action Plan on Artificial Intelligence 2025–2027 | 2021 2025 | Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation | Public consultation on the draft AI Action Plan | Explicit commitment (Tier 2) |
| India | National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence IndiaAI Mission | 2018 2024 | Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY); IndiaAI Independent Business Division | Multiple consultations | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Ireland | National AI Strategy, AI – Here for Good | 2021; refreshed 2024 | Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment (DETE); Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (DFHERIS) for research and HPC | Multi-stakeholder consultations; AI Advisory Council; Enterprise Digital Advisory Forum | Explicit commitment (Tier 2) |
| Israel | National Program for Artificial Intelligence | 2021; Phase II launched 2025 | Israel Innovation Authority (under Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology); National AI Directorate | National Committee for Accelerating the Field of AI; 2025 AI Status Report | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Italy | Italian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence 2024-2026 Strategic Programme for AI 2022–2024 | 2024 2021 | Presidency of the Council of Ministers — Department for Digital Transformation (Undersecretary for Innovation); Agency for Digital Italy (AgID); Ministry of Universities and Research (MUR) for HPC | AI Coordination Committee; Stakeholder consultations | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Japan | AI Basic Plan | 2026 | Cabinet Office (AI Strategy Headquarters, chaired by the Prime Minister); Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI); Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) | AI Strategic Headquarters | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Korea | National AI Strategy Korea AI Action Plan | 2019 2026 | Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT); National AI Strategy Committee | National AI Strategy Committee; public consultations | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Latvia | National AI Strategy on Developing Artificial Intelligence Solutions (considered outdated) AI since integrated within Latvia’s Digital Transformation Guidelines 2021-2027 | 2020 2021 | Ministry of Smart Administration and Regional Development; National Artificial Intelligence Center | Latvian Association of Artificial Intelligence | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy Action Plan for the Development of AI Technologies in Lithuania 2023–2026 | 2019; update forthcoming 2022 | Ministry of Economy and Innovation; Innovation Agency Lithuania | National AI Governance Forum | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg’s AI Strategy: Accelerating Digital Sovereignty 2030 (Predecessor: Artificial Intelligence: A Strategic Vision for Luxembourg | 2025 2019 | Ministry of the Economy, SMEs, Energy and Tourism; Ministry of Research and Higher Education / Digitalisation; Luxinnovation | High-level Committee for Digital Transformation | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Malta | Malta: The Ultimate AI Launchpad | 2019; update forthcoming | Malta Digital Innovation Authority | Public consultations; AI Consultative Expert Group | Explicit commitment (Tier 2) |
| Mexico | No standalone national AI strategy. AI policy addressed through: Towards an AI Strategy in Mexico: Harnessing the AI Revolution ANIA Proposal for the National Agenda for AI 2024–2030 (civil society-led) | 2018 2024 | Agency for Digital Transformation and Telecommunications (ATDT); Department of Science, Humanities, Technology and Innovation (SECIHTI) | National AI Alliance | Absent (Tier 4) |
| Netherlands | Strategic Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence Government-wide Vision on Generative AI AI since integrated into the Dutch Digitalisation Strategy | 2019 2024 2021; updated 2025 (renamed Netherlands Digitalisation Strategy) | Ministry of Economic Affairs; Ministry of Digital Affairs and Kingdom Relations | Dutch AI Coalition | Explicit commitment (Tier 2) |
| New Zealand | New Zealand’s Strategy for AI: Investing with Confidence | 2025 | Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE); Government Chief Digital Officer | AI Forum New Zealand | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Norway | National Strategy for AI AI since integrated into the National Digitalisation Strategy 2024–2030 | 2020 2024 | Ministry of Digitalisation and Public Governance | – | Explicit commitment (Tier 2) |
| Poland | Policy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland from 2020 AI since integrated into the Strategy for Digital Transformation of Poland 2035 | 2020 2024 | Ministry of Digital Affairs | Working Group on Artificial Intelligence; Multi-stakeholder advisory team PL/AI Artificial intelligence for Poland | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Portugal | AI Portugal 2030 AI since integrated into the National Digital Strategy National AI Agenda — integrated within the 2026-27 Action Plan of the National Digital Strategy | 2019 2024 2026 | INCoDe.2030 Coordination Structure; Foundation for Science and Technology; Agency for Administrative Modernisation | INCoDe.2030 Coordination Structure (multi-stakeholder) | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Saudi Arabia | National Strategy for Data & AI | 2020 | Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) | – | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Senegal | National Strategy for the Development of AI in Senegal | 2023 | Ministry of Communication, Telecommunications and the Digital Economy | Stakeholder consultations | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Serbia | Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Republic of Serbia | Period 2020-2025: 2019 Period 2025-2030: 2025 | Office for IT and eGovernment; Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation; Institute for AI Research and Development of Serbia | Government Council for AI: Institute for AI Research and Development of Serbia | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Singapore | National AI Strategy (NAIS) | NAIS 1.0: 2019 NAIS 2.0: 2023 | Smart Nation Group; Ministry of Digital Development and Information (MDDI); Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) | Multi-stakeholder consultation preceded NAIS 2.0; Smart Nation Group | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Slovakia | No standalone national AI strategy AI integrated into 2030 Digital Transformation Strategy Digital Transformation Action Plan | Forthcoming 2019 Period 2019-2022: 2019 Period 2023-2026: 2022 | Ministry of Investments, Regional Development and Informatisation (MIRRI) | AIslovakIA | Referenced (Tier 3) |
| Slovenia | National Programme to Promote the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Republic of Slovenia by 2025 National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence until 2030 (NsUI 2030) | 2021 2026 | Ministry of Digital Transformation; Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation | – | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Spain | National Artificial Intelligence Strategy | 2020; updated 2024 | Ministry for Digital Transformation and the Civil Service; Secretary of State for Digitalisation and AI (SEDIA); Spanish AI Supervisory Agency (AESIA) | – | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Sweden | National Approach to Artificial Intelligence Sweden’s AI Strategy Action Plan for Sweden’s AI Strategy | 2018 2026 2026 | Ministry of Public Administration; Ministry of Finance (AI Commission) | AI Commission | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| Switzerland | No standalone national AI strategy. AI policy addressed through: Digital Switzerland Strategy Swiss AI Action Plan | Adopted annually; AI as a priority focus theme for 2025 forthcoming | Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC) — Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM); State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) | Interdepartmental Working Group on AI | Absent (Tier 4) |
| Türkiye | National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2021–2025 and Action Plan 2024–2025 2026–2030 National AI Opportunities Action Plan | 2021; 2024 (both expired) forthcoming | Ministry of Industry and Technology | Multistakeholder consultations | Explicit commitment (Tier 2)[1] |
| United Kingdom | National AI Strategy AI Opportunities Action Plan | 2021 2025 | Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT); UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) for delivery | Multistakeholder consultations on the AI Opportunities Action Plan: AI Security Institute | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| United States | America’s AI Action Plan National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence | 2025 2025 | White House | White House | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
| European Union | AI Continent Action Plan Apply AI Strategy (Predecessor: Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence, 2018, updated 2021) | 2025 2025 | European Commission, DG CNECT (Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology); European AI Office | AI Continent Action Plan public consultations | Dedicated pillar (Tier 1) |
Note: See explanatory text at the beginning of the table.
Source: OECD research, as of May 2026
Table 2. Dedicated national AI compute strategies of GPAI member countries
Methodological overview
This table includes only GPAI members that have produced a dedicated AI compute strategy. Of the 46 GPAI member countries and the EU reviewed in Table 1, only two meet the criterion of having produced a dedicated AI compute strategy. This reflects the relative novelty of standalone AI compute strategies in national AI policy initiatives, as most countries continue to address AI compute within their broader National AI Strategies (see Table 1) or through participation in regional instruments such as EuroHPC and its associated AI Factories network. It should be noted that borderline cases are not included in this analysis. Several countries deliver substantive AI compute capability through named programmes or initiatives rather than through a strategy document; such cases are discussed in further detail in the body of the report. Examples include India (IndiaAI Compute Capacity programme), Israel (Telem Programme), Korea (National AI Computing Centre and GPU Infrastructure Initiative) and Saudi Arabia (HUMAIN, Project Transcendence, National Data Centre Strategy). The European Union does not have a single AI compute strategy document; AI compute capability is delivered through a federated supranational architecture comprising the European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU, established in 2018 as a general HPC programme and amended in 2024 to include AI Factories), the AI Factories network and the AI Gigafactories programme under InvestAI. This architecture operates across the 27 EU Member States through institutional rather than sovereign mechanisms and is analytically distinct from the national strategies captured in this table.
| GPAI member country | National/regional AI compute strategy | Year of adoption / revision | Consultation on AI compute | Lead entity for AI compute strategy | Articulated budget for AI compute strategy |
| Canada | Canadian Sovereign AI Compute Strategy | 2024 | Public consultation (summer 2024) on the Sovereign AI Compute Strategy: 1,000+ stakeholders from research, industry and civil society; What We Heard Report (2024) summarising consultation outcomes | Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; Minister of AI and Digital Innovation | Total: CAD $2 billion over 5 years (2024–2029) Composition: AI Compute Challenge CAD $700m (mobilising private sector data centres); public supercomputing infrastructure CAD $1bn; AI Compute Access Fund CAD $300m (subsidising compute access for innovators). |
| United Kingdom | UK Compute Roadmap | 2025 | Independent Review of the Future of Compute (2023, chaired by Prof. Zoubin Ghahramani, Cambridge / Google) | Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT), UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) for delivery | Total: Up to £2 billion through 2030, split across two phases. Phase 1 (2025): ~£1bn — up to £750m for new national supercomputer at EPCC (first National Supercomputing Centre, online early 2027) and ~£250m for AIRR infrastructure. Phase 2 (2027): up to £1bn — ~£750m for AIRR expansion, plus ecosystem building and large-scale infrastructure in AI Growth Zones. |
Note: See explanatory text at the beginning of the table.
Source: OECD research, as of May 2026
[1] Türkiye’s forthcoming National AI strategy 2026–2030 is expected to elevate the treatment of AI compute to a dedicated pillar (Tier 1).