China's six-level standards, called Taxonomy of Driving Automation for Vehicles, provides official definitions for self-driving cars from level zero (L0), which relies largely on human drivers, to L5 that achieves full driving automation.
Name in original language
Taxonomy of Driving Automation for Vehicles
Initiative overview
China's Taxonomy of Driving Automation for Vehicles initiative addresses the growing need for a standardized and unified classification system to define and regulate the levels of vehicle driving automation. As autonomous driving technologies continue to evolve rapidly, the absence of a clearly defined framework posed challenges for technology development, legal enforcement, industry coordination, and consumer understanding. This initiative seeks to close that gap by establishing a comprehensive taxonomy aligned with international developments but tailored to China's regulatory, technological, and societal context.The primary objective of the initiative is to set clear definitions for the different levels of driving automation”from Level 0 (no automation) to Level 5 (full automation)”based on the functions performed by the automated system versus the human driver. This classification supports regulatory consistency, facilitates compliance with safety standards, and enables communication among automakers, suppliers, policymakers, and the public. It also promotes transparency in advertising and product labeling to prevent consumer misunderstanding or overestimation of system capabilities.Over time, the initiative is expected to evolve in line with advancements in AI, sensor technologies, and vehicle connectivity. As part of its institutionalization, the taxonomy has been incorporated into national standards such as GB/T 40429-2021, which came into effect in 2021. This standard outlines six levels of automation and provides terminology and technical definitions in alignment with both ISO and SAE international standards, while allowing for adaptations to China's infrastructure and governance systems. Future updates are anticipated as technology matures, especially to accommodate new forms of mobility and smart infrastructure integration.The initiative has been developed and updated through collaborative efforts involving national regulators, technical standardization committees, research institutions, and major Chinese automotive companies. It complements broader national goals under initiatives such as Made in China 2025 and the development of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs). By establishing a robust foundation for automated vehicle classification, China aims to foster innovation, ensure road safety, and maintain its leadership position in the global autonomous driving ecosystem.
Name of responsible organisation (in English)
Standardization Administration of China (SAC)
