Unauthorized Deepfake Ads Exploit Celebrity Likenesses Without Consent

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The information displayed in the AIM should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries.

AI-generated deepfakes are increasingly used in advertising, with agencies creating realistic videos of celebrities like Tom Cruise, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Elon Musk without their permission. This unauthorized use of digital likenesses raises legal, ethical, and economic concerns for performers, highlighting the risks and harms enabled by deepfake technology.[AI generated]

Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?

The article clearly involves AI systems (deepfake technology) and discusses their use and misuse. It identifies plausible harms such as misinformation, political tension, and identity theft that could result from deepfake misuse. However, it does not describe a concrete incident where harm has already occurred, nor does it focus on a specific event or case. Therefore, it fits the definition of an AI Hazard, as it outlines credible risks and potential harms that could plausibly arise from the use or misuse of deepfake AI systems.[AI generated]
AI principles
AccountabilityPrivacy & data governanceRespect of human rightsTransparency & explainability

Industries
Media, social platforms, and marketingArts, entertainment, and recreation

Affected stakeholders
Other

Harm types
Economic/PropertyReputationalHuman or fundamental rightsPsychological

Severity
AI hazard

Business function:
Marketing and advertisement

AI system task:
Content generation


Articles about this incident or hazard

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'Deepfakes' of Celebrities Have Begun Appearing in Ads, With or Without Their Permission

2022-10-25
The Wall Street Journal
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The article explicitly discusses the use of AI deepfake systems to create realistic but unauthorized videos of celebrities endorsing products without their consent. This unauthorized use infringes on celebrities' rights of publicity and intellectual property, which are protected under applicable law. The harm is realized in the form of potential damage to reputation and unauthorized commercial exploitation. Although some companies include disclaimers or use the deepfakes for satire or education, the unauthorized use without consent is a breach of rights. Hence, this is an AI Incident due to the direct involvement of AI systems causing violations of fundamental rights.
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How dangerous deepfake videos threaten to hijack the midterms

2022-10-28
The Independent
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The event involves AI systems (deepfake generation AI) actively used to create and disseminate misleading videos that have already gone viral and influenced public perception. The harms are realized, including misinformation, erosion of trust, and potential election interference, which align with harm to communities and political processes. The article provides concrete examples of viral deepfakes and their societal impact, not just potential risks. Hence, it meets the criteria for an AI Incident rather than a hazard or complementary information.
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How Do Deepfakes Work and Who Is Using Them?

2022-10-25
MakeUseOf
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The article describes AI systems (deepfake algorithms using deep learning, autoencoders, and GANs) and their use in creating manipulated videos. It highlights actual harms caused by deepfakes, such as misinformation, privacy violations, blackmail, and copyright infringement, which are realized harms linked to AI use. However, the article is primarily educational and explanatory, summarizing the technology, its applications, risks, and responses rather than reporting a specific new incident or event where harm occurred or a new hazard emerged. Therefore, it does not describe a particular AI Incident or AI Hazard event but provides complementary information to understand the broader AI ecosystem and societal implications of deepfakes.
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How to Use Deepfakes and How They Can Be Misused

2022-10-28
MakeUseOf
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The article clearly involves AI systems (deepfake technology) and discusses their use and misuse. It identifies plausible harms such as misinformation, political tension, and identity theft that could result from deepfake misuse. However, it does not describe a concrete incident where harm has already occurred, nor does it focus on a specific event or case. Therefore, it fits the definition of an AI Hazard, as it outlines credible risks and potential harms that could plausibly arise from the use or misuse of deepfake AI systems.
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Creepy deepfake of Elon Musk tied up and held hostage goes viral

2022-10-25
The US Sun
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The event clearly involves an AI system (deepfake generation) used to create synthetic media. While deepfakes can cause harm, this particular case does not report any realized harm such as defamation, harassment, or rights violations. The video is an advertisement and the article discusses the broader societal concerns about deepfakes and consent. Therefore, this is not an AI Incident or AI Hazard but rather complementary information about the implications and societal reactions to AI-generated deepfakes.
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Companies Are Deepfaking Celebs Into Ads Without Their Permission

2022-10-26
Futurism
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The article explicitly describes the use of AI-generated deepfake technology to create unauthorized advertisements featuring celebrities, which directly infringes on their rights and could cause reputational and legal harm. The AI system's use here is central to the harm, as it enables realistic impersonations without consent. This fits the definition of an AI Incident under violations of human rights or intellectual property rights. The harm is realized, not just potential, as these deepfakes are actively used in ads without permission.
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Experts concerned over the rise of deepfake technology | Newshub

2022-10-29
Newshub
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The article centers on expert concerns about the potential risks and societal impacts of deepfake and synthetic media technologies, which are AI systems capable of generating realistic fake images, videos, and text. While it describes the plausible harms these technologies could cause, including misinformation in elections and targeted harassment, it does not document any specific event where such harm has already occurred. Therefore, the event qualifies as an AI Hazard, as the development and use of these AI systems could plausibly lead to significant harms in the future, but no concrete AI Incident is reported.
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What Does Hollywood Have To Fear With Deepfakes?

2022-10-27
Newsy
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The article centers on the potential risks and legal challenges posed by deepfake technology in Hollywood, particularly regarding unauthorized use of actors' digital likenesses. While it clearly identifies plausible future harms (e.g., loss of control over one's image, economic harm to performers), it does not describe any realized harm or specific event where an AI system directly or indirectly caused harm. Therefore, it fits the definition of an AI Hazard, as the development and use of deepfake AI systems could plausibly lead to incidents harming performers' rights and livelihoods.
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Report: Deepfakes Are on the Rise and Stopping Them Will Be Tough

2022-10-27
Entrepreneur
Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
Deepfakes are AI systems that generate manipulated video content. The article describes their increasing use and the difficulty in legally addressing harms caused by them. Although no specific harm is reported as having occurred, the article emphasizes the credible risk of misinformation and rights violations due to deepfakes. This fits the definition of an AI Hazard, where the AI system's use could plausibly lead to harm. There is no description of a realized harm or incident, so it is not an AI Incident. The article is not merely complementary information since it focuses on the risks and challenges posed by deepfakes rather than updates or responses to past incidents. Therefore, the classification is AI Hazard.