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Legal Opinion: Uses of Copyrighted Materials for Machine Learning


Added by:   National contact point
Added on:   09 Jul 2025
Updated by:   OECD analyst
Updated on:   09 Jul 2025

A legal opinion addressing the question of "whether ML enterprises can make unauthorized use of copyrighted materials to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems"

Name in original language

חוות דעת: שימושים בתכנים מוגנים בזכויות יוצרים לצורך למידת מכונה

Initiative overview

This Opinion aims to shed light on the most fundamental question in the intersectionbetween machine learning (ML) and copyright law: whether ML enterprises can makeunauthorized use of copyrighted materials to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. ML isthe process that enables computers to autonomously learn from past data. ML thus providesthe foundations for AI systems. The intersection between ML and copyright bears crucialimportance. ML is becoming increasingly central to the global economy and to Israel inparticular, and Israel holds a leading position as a producer of AI systems. Lifting copyrightuncertainties that surround this issue can spur innovation and maximize the competitivenessof Israeli-based enterprises in both ML and content creationThe initiative has the following objectives:This Opinion aims to shed light on the most fundamental question in the intersectionbetween machine learning (ML) and copyright law: whether ML enterprises can makeunauthorized use of copyrighted materials to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems

Name of responsible organisation (in English)

Legislation and Legal Counsel (Civil Law)

About the policy initiative


Organisation:

  • Legislation and Legal Counsel (Civil Law)

Category:

  • National – AI policy initiatives, regulations, guidelines, standards and programmes or projects

Initiative type:

  • Guidance document (instructions on how to implement a law, regulation, policy or other rule)

Participating organisations:


Participating countries:


Status:

  • Active

Start Year:

  • 2022

Binding:

  • Non-binding

Target Sectors:


Other relevant urls: