AI Index - OECD.AI

OECD.AI Index

Overview Components Country profiles

Each component of the OECD.AI Index is designed to reflect one of the five national policy recommendations for trustworthy AI. These components are further divided into subcomponents, each comprising indicators related to a specific thematic area.

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This component of the Index measures each country's AI research and development R&D activity and how national policies support it. It aligns with Principle 2.1, which highlights the need for long-term public and private investment in AI R&D, helping identify both research outputs and the policies that sustain them.

Sub-components and indicators

The R&D component captures three dimensions of national AI activity: AI research output, AI innovation, and AI model development. Together, these subcomponents capture the quantity and quality of AI research publications, the AI-related innovation and technological development, and the number of AI models developed by companies in each country.

AI research output

AI innovations

AI Models development

Policies & initiatives related to Research & development

Find the policy initiatives that you are looking for!Explore a living repository from over 80 jurisdictions and organisations Visit the OECD.AI Policy Navigator

The Catalogue of Tool & MetricsA selection of tools with helpful approaches, mechanisms, and practices for trustworthy AI.

AI Incidents and Hazards MonitorDocumented AI incidents and hazards helping stakeholders understand risk patterns and trustworthy AI implementation.

AI Policy ToolkitMap the AI policy landscape, identify priorities, and explore concrete policy examples from other countries to inform policy design.

The OECD.AI Index development was supported by the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation (PJMF).

Investors matter for the future of trustworthy AI. Are they ready?

Multistakeholder

Investors matter for the future of trustworthy AI. Are they ready?

by Celine Caira, Laurie Fitzjohn-Sykes, Paul Fehlinger, Sophie Walker

Investors are beginning to treat trustworthy AI as a material business factor. The challenge now is helping guide capital flows towards firms developing and deploying trustworthy AI.

October 12, 2026 — 7 min read

Bridging frameworks: How HAIP 2.0 supports interoperability with the EU AI Act

Civil society

Bridging frameworks: How HAIP 2.0 supports interoperability with the EU AI Act

by Charbel-Raphael Ségerie, Jonathan Salter

This blog article explores how HAIP 2.0 and the EU instruments intersect, where they diverge, and why their complementarity matters for effective AI governance.

September 30, 2026 — 7 min read

Governing with agentic AI: when machines act on government’s behalf

Government

Governing with agentic AI: when machines act on government’s behalf

by OECD Working Group on Agentic AI in Government

Agentic AI raises new questions about how governments can maintain standards of safe, secure and trustworthy AI while machines act on their behalf.

September 25, 2026 — 9 min read

Putting agentic AI systems to work: What practitioners reveal about deployment and governance

International Organisation

Putting agentic AI systems to work: What practitioners reveal about deployment and governance

by Sara Rendtorff-Smith, Yuko Harayama

How are different organisations using agentic AI in practice? What governance approaches are they adopting to manage it responsibly?

September 24, 2026 — 5 min read

Can the finance sector oversee AI innovation while maintaining its rapid progress?

Government

Can the finance sector oversee AI innovation while maintaining its rapid progress?

by Iota Kaousar Nassr, Dr Henrike Mueller

Explore AI supervision in finance, FCA AI Live Testing, risk management, governance and responsible AI innovation in financial markets.

September 3, 2026 — 7 min read

A five-step roadmap to closing the AI evaluation gap

Academia

A five-step roadmap to closing the AI evaluation gap

by Lee Tiedrich

A five-step roadmap for closing the AI evaluation gap to strengthen trust, security, adoption and effective AI governance.

July 31, 2026 — 6 min read

HAIP is transforming transparency from a compliance burden to a competitive advantage

Business

HAIP is transforming transparency from a compliance burden to a competitive advantage

by Paula Goldman

How Salesforce sees the HAIP Reporting Framework reducing AI governance fragmentation.

July 16, 2026 — 5 min read

How quantum technologies could open new frontiers for AI

Business

How quantum technologies could open new frontiers for AI

by Victor Gaspar, Katsuyuki Hanai

This three-part blog series explores the growing complementarity between artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum technologies.

July 6, 2026 — 7 min read

How people are using GenAI chatbots: Evidence from web traffic data

Intergovernmental

How people are using GenAI chatbots: Evidence from web traffic data

by Jeff Mollins, Clemence Descubes, Luis Aranda, Sara Rendtorff-Smith

New OECD analysis reveals how people use GenAI chatbots across countries and demographics, using web traffic data from Similarweb.

June 30, 2026 — 10 min read

AI for inclusive and resilient agri-food systems: Potential ways forward

Government

AI for inclusive and resilient agri-food systems: Potential ways forward

by Marten van den Berg, Sara Rendtorff-Smith

AI can strengthen food security, resilience and sustainability in agriculture. Explore key challenges and opportunities for agri-food systems.

June 5, 2026 — 8 min read