Catalogue of Tools & Metrics for Trustworthy AI

These tools and metrics are designed to help AI actors develop and use trustworthy AI systems and applications that respect human rights and are fair, transparent, explainable, robust, secure and safe.

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This page includes technical metrics and methodologies for measuring and evaluating AI trustworthiness and AI risks. These metrics are often represented through mathematical formulas that assess the technical requirements for achieving trustworthy AI in a particular context. They can help to ensure that a system is fair, accurate, explainable, transparent, robust, safe, or secure.
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Accuracy is the proportion of correct predictions among the total number of cases processed. It can be computed with:

Accuracy = (TP + TN) / (TP + TN + FP + FN) , where:

TP: True positive

TN: True negative

FP: False positive

FN...


Mean Intersection over Union (IoU) is the area of overlap between the predicted segmentation and the ground truth divided by the area of union between the predicted segmentation and the ground truth.

For binary (two classes) or multi-class segmentatio...


This metric computes the area under the curve (AUC) for the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC). The return values represent how well the model used is predicting the correct classes, based on the input data. A score of 0.5 means that the model is...


Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) is an algorithm for evaluating the quality of text which has been machine-translated from one natural language to another. Quality is considered to be the correspondence between a machine’s output and that of a human: ...


ROUGE, or Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation, is a set of metrics and a software package used for evaluating automatic summarization and machine translation software in natural language processing. The metrics compare an automatically produce...


This paper proposes a new bias evaluation metric – Gender-based Illicit Proximity Estimate (GIPE), which measures the extent of undue proximity in word vectors resulting from the presence of gender-based predilections. Experiments based on a suite of ...


Word Error Rate (WER) is a common metric of the performance of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system.

The general difficulty of measuring the performance of ASR systems lies in the fact that the recognized word sequence can have a different len...


Mean Per Joint Position Error (MPJPE) is a common metric used to evaluate the performance of human pose estimation algorithms. It measures the average distance between the predicted joints of a human skeleton and the ground truth joints in a given dataset. ...


The Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) is a widely used metric for evaluating the similarity between two clustering assignments. It improves upon the Rand Index (RI) by correcting for chance agreement, making it a more reliable meas...


A given predicted string’s exact match score is 1 if it is the exact same as its reference string, and is 0 otherwise.

  • Example 1: The exact match score of prediction “Happy Birthday!” is 0, given its reference is “Happy New Year!...

Given a model and an input text sequence, perplexity measures how likely the model is to generate the input text sequence. This can be used in two main ways: 

- to evaluate how well the model has learned the distribution of the text it was traine...


SacreBLEU provides hassle-free computation of shareable, comparable, and reproducible BLEU scores. Inspired by Rico Sennrich’s multi-bleu-detok.perl, it produces the official Workshop on Machine Translation (WMT) scores but works with plain text. It also kn...


In statistics, the mean squared error (MSE) or mean squared deviation (MSD) of an estimator (of a procedure for estimating an unobserved quantity) measures the average of the squares of the errors—that is, the average squared difference between the estimate...


Crosslingual Optimized Metric for Evaluation of Translation (COMET) is a metric for automatic evaluation of machine translation that calculates the similarity between a machine translation output and a reference translation using token or sentence embedding...


We study fairness in classification, where individuals are classified, e.g., admitted to a university, and the goal is to prevent discrimination against individuals based on their membership in some group, while maintaining utility for the classifier (the u...


 

 

CER supports Safety by reducing the likelihood of harmful or misleading outputs due to transcription errors, which is especially important in domains like healthcare or legal transcription. It also supports Robustness by providing ...


In statistics, mean absolute error (MAE) is a measure of errors between paired observations expressing the same phenomenon. Examples of Y versus X include comparisons of predicted versus observed, subsequent time versus initial time, and one technique of me...


FrugalScore is a reference-based metric for Natural Language Generation (NLG) model evaluation. It is based on a distillation approach that allows to learn a fixed, low cost version of any expensive NLG metric, while retaining most of its original performan...


MAUVE is a library built on PyTorch and HuggingFace Transformers to measure the gap between neural text and human text with the eponymous MAUVE measure. It summarizes both Type I and Type II errors measured softly using Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergences.


The '3DPCK' metric (3D Pose Correct Keypoints) is a performance metric used to evaluate the accuracy of 3D human pose estimation algorithms. It measures the percentage of keypoints for which the estimated 3D pose is within a certain distance from the ground...


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Disclaimer: The tools and metrics featured herein are solely those of the originating authors and are not vetted or endorsed by the OECD or its member countries. The Organisation cannot be held responsible for possible issues resulting from the posting of links to third parties' tools and metrics on this catalogue. More on the methodology can be found at https://oecd.ai/catalogue/faq.