The event involves an AI system used to create a deepfake video that misrepresents a public figure giving false medical advice. This misinformation can directly harm individuals' health by misleading them about treatments. The AI system's use in generating the video is central to the harm, fulfilling the criteria for an AI Incident due to violation of health safety and potential harm to people. The event is not merely a potential risk but an actual occurrence of harm through misinformation dissemination.[AI generated]
AIM: AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor
Automated monitor of incidents and hazards from public sources (Beta).
AI-related legislation is gaining traction, and effective policymaking needs evidence, foresight and international cooperation. The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners, and all stakeholders worldwide gain valuable insights into the risks and harms of AI systems. Over time, AIM will help to show risk patterns and establish a collective understanding of AI incidents and hazards and their multifaceted nature, serving as an important tool for trustworthy AI. AI incidents seem to be getting more media attention lately, but they've actually gone down as a share of all AI news (see chart below!).
The information displayed in the AIM should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries.
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AI-Generated Deepfake Video of Bishop Spreads Harmful Medical Misinformation in Cyprus
An AI-generated deepfake video falsely depicting Bishop Neophytos of Morphou giving unscientific medical advice circulated on social media in Cyprus. The Morphou Diocese reported the incident to the police, warning the public of potential health risks and urging them to ignore the fraudulent content.[AI generated]
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US and International Authorities Seize Deepfake Porn Sites Targeting Famous Women
US, French, and Italian authorities seized CFAKE.com and SOCFAKE.com, which hosted thousands of AI-generated, nonconsensual nude images and videos of famous women. The sites enabled searches for abusive content. The operation, under the Take It Down Act, followed international cooperation and arrests.[AI generated]
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Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The event explicitly involves AI-generated deepfake images (computer-generated fake nudes) that have been published non-consensually, causing harm to individuals' rights and dignity. The use of generative AI to create these images is central to the harm. The seizure and legal actions are responses to this realized harm. Hence, the event meets the criteria for an AI Incident as the AI system's use directly led to violations of rights and harm to individuals and communities.[AI generated]

Google Sues Chinese Cybercrime Group for Using Gemini AI in Large-Scale Scams
Google has filed a lawsuit against a China-based cybercrime network, Outsider Enterprise, for weaponizing its Gemini AI to automate large-scale phishing and scam campaigns. The group used AI to create fake websites and messages, resulting in millions in financial losses for hundreds of thousands of victims, primarily in the US.[AI generated]
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The involvement of AI is explicit, as the phishing group used AI tools to create phishing sites. The harm is realized, as phishing scams cause direct harm to individuals through fraud. The event describes the use and misuse of AI systems leading to violations of rights and harm to people, qualifying it as an AI Incident. The lawsuit and cooperation with law enforcement are responses but do not change the primary classification.[AI generated]

LIG D&A and NearsLab Partner to Develop AI Interceptor Drones for Air Defense
LIG D&A and NearsLab signed an agreement in South Korea to jointly develop AI-powered autonomous interceptor drones for integrated air defense. The collaboration aims to advance 'hard-kill' anti-drone systems, combining AI software and autonomous flight technology, with plans for domestic and global deployment. No incident or harm reported.[AI generated]
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The event involves the development and intended use of AI systems (autonomous interceptor drones) with potential for significant impact, including physical destruction of drones, which could plausibly lead to harms such as property damage or harm to communities if misused or malfunctioning. However, since the article only reports a collaboration agreement and development efforts without any actual incident or harm occurring, it fits the definition of an AI Hazard rather than an AI Incident. It is not Complementary Information because it is not an update or response to a prior incident, nor is it unrelated as it clearly involves AI systems with potential for harm.[AI generated]

Police Officer Investigated for AI-Fabricated Evidence in Criminal Cases
A Derbyshire police officer is under criminal investigation for allegedly using AI to create evidential material in multiple cases, potentially perverting the course of justice. The officer has been removed from frontline duties, and authorities are reviewing affected cases with the Crown Prosecution Service. This is the first known UK case of its kind.[AI generated]
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Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard?
The event explicitly involves the use of an AI system in a manner that has directly led to a potential violation of law and human rights (perverting the course of justice). The AI system's role is pivotal in the alleged misconduct, as it was used to create evidential material improperly. This constitutes an AI Incident because harm to legal rights and the justice system is occurring or has occurred due to the AI system's use. The ongoing investigation and removal of the officer further confirm the seriousness and realized nature of the harm.[AI generated]

US Government Restricts Access to Anthropic's Advanced AI Models Over Security Concerns
The US government ordered Anthropic to suspend access to its advanced AI models, Fable 5 and Mythos 5, for all foreign nationals due to a discovered jailbreak vulnerability posing national security risks. Anthropic complied but disputes the severity, calling the directive a misunderstanding and seeking to restore access.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly involves AI systems (Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5) and discusses their suspension due to security concerns raised by US authorities. The concerns relate to vulnerabilities that could be exploited to bypass safeguards, potentially leading to cyberattacks or unauthorized access to sensitive information, which would constitute harm. Since no actual harm or incident has occurred yet, but the risk is credible and serious enough to warrant suspension, this fits the definition of an AI Hazard. The event does not describe realized harm or violations, so it is not an AI Incident. It is not merely complementary information or unrelated news, as the focus is on the plausible risk of harm from the AI systems' vulnerabilities.[AI generated]

Ukraine Warns of AI-Driven Paradigm Shift in Warfare
Ukrainian defense officials report the integration of AI into military operations, including drones and combat planning, predicting a future "war of operating systems" with Russia. The use of AI is accelerating battlefield decision-making, raising concerns about increased autonomy and potential harm in ongoing and future conflicts.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly involves AI systems used in military contexts, including autonomous or semi-autonomous drones and AI decision-support systems. Although no specific incident of harm is reported, the described integration of AI into weapons and command systems plausibly leads to significant future harm, such as accelerated lethal actions and escalated warfare. This fits the definition of an AI Hazard, as the AI's development and use could plausibly lead to injury, harm to communities, and disruption of critical infrastructure. The article does not report a realized harm event, so it is not an AI Incident. It is also not merely complementary information or unrelated, as the focus is on the risks and evolving use of AI in warfare with potential for harm.[AI generated]

AI-Generated Deepfake Video Scam Leads to €33,000 Loss in Bulgaria
A 62-year-old woman from Pleven, Bulgaria, lost €33,000 after being deceived by a deepfake video report generated with AI. The video, featuring synthetic voices and faces of well-known public figures, promoted a fake investment scheme. The incident is under investigation by local authorities.[AI generated]
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The event involves an AI system explicitly mentioned as generating a fake video report that misled the victim into transferring a large sum of money, resulting in financial harm. The harm is realized and directly linked to the AI system's use in creating deceptive content. This fits the definition of an AI Incident as the AI system's use directly led to harm to property (financial loss).[AI generated]

KPMG AI Report Plagued by AI-Generated False Citations and Case Studies
KPMG's October 2025 report on agentic AI was found to contain mostly fabricated or misattributed citations and case studies, generated by AI. GPTZero's investigation revealed only 5 of 45 citations were accurate, leading to misinformation and reputational harm for KPMG and affected organizations.[AI generated]
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The event involves the use and malfunction of AI systems (generative AI producing hallucinated citations) that have directly led to harm in the form of misinformation dissemination, which can be considered harm to communities and the integrity of information. The false citations and misleading case studies in a major report with global influence constitute a violation of trust and potentially intellectual property rights, as well as causing harm to the community by spreading misinformation. Therefore, this qualifies as an AI Incident due to realized harm caused by AI hallucinations in an influential context.[AI generated]

Douyin Deploys AI Agent to Combat Online Harassment, Expanding Early Protection for Users
Douyin has launched an upgraded AI anti-cyberbullying agent that proactively identifies and assesses online harassment risks. The system integrates AI models and human review, expanding daily detection of at-risk users by 91.5% and increasing intervention for high-risk victims by 147%, significantly improving early protection and harm mitigation on the platform.[AI generated]
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An AI system is explicitly involved in identifying potential victims of online harassment and enabling proactive intervention, which directly relates to harm to communities and individuals' well-being. The AI's use here has led to realized harm mitigation and protection, indicating the AI system's role in preventing injury or harm to persons. Since the AI system's use directly addresses harm and has tangible effects on users' safety, this qualifies as an AI Incident under the framework.[AI generated]

NIO Sues Companies Over Unsafe Counterfeit NOMI AI Systems
NIO has filed lawsuits against multiple companies in China for producing and selling unauthorized counterfeit versions of its AI-powered in-car NOMI system. These imitations lack proper safety certification, posing risks such as malfunction, interference with airbags, and potential physical harm to vehicle occupants, prompting legal and safety concerns.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly mentions the AI system NOMI, an in-car intelligent interactive system, and details how unauthorized counterfeit versions lacking proper safety certification are causing safety hazards that could lead to injury or harm to users. The counterfeit products' failure to meet safety standards and their potential to cause physical harm (e.g., parts detaching during collisions, interference with airbags) directly link the AI system's misuse to harm. Additionally, the infringement of intellectual property rights is also noted. Therefore, this event qualifies as an AI Incident due to realized harm risks and legal violations stemming from the AI system's misuse and counterfeit production.[AI generated]

Iran-Linked Group Claims Hacking of FBI AI Drones, Threatens World Cup
The Iranian-affiliated group Handala claims to have hacked FBI drones equipped with AI-based facial recognition and license plate reading. They allege months-long access to surveillance data and have threatened to target the World Cup, raising concerns over AI system misuse and public safety risks.[AI generated]
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The event explicitly involves AI systems (drones with facial recognition and license plate reading AI) whose alleged hacking and misuse could lead to harm to people and public safety, fulfilling the criteria for an AI Incident. The hackers' threat to target the World Cup using these compromised AI systems indicates a direct or indirect link to potential harm. Even if some evidence is questioned, the claim and threat are concrete enough to classify this as an AI Incident rather than a hazard or complementary information.[AI generated]
BMW Toronto AI Chatbot Offers Incorrect Buy-Back Price, Causing Customer Harm
A BMW Toronto dealership's AI chatbot, 'Quinn,' mistakenly offered a customer an inflated buy-back price for his car, matching his loan balance. The dealership initially revoked the offer, causing financial and emotional harm, but later honored it after media scrutiny. The incident raises concerns about AI accountability in customer interactions.[AI generated]
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An AI system (the chatbot) was used in the negotiation process and malfunctioned by offering an incorrect trade-in price. This malfunction directly caused harm to the customer, including financial and emotional harm due to misleading information and breach of trust. The dealership's response to honor the offer does not negate the fact that the AI system's malfunction led to harm. Therefore, this qualifies as an AI Incident because the AI system's malfunction directly led to harm to a person (the customer).[AI generated]

AI-Generated Fake Expert Health Videos Mislead Elderly on YouTube in South Korea
Generative AI systems produced numerous YouTube health videos impersonating experts, spreading scientifically unsupported claims targeting elderly viewers in South Korea. With low digital literacy, the elderly are vulnerable to this misinformation, prompting authorities to revise guidelines and warn against deceptive AI-generated content.[AI generated]
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The event involves the use of generative AI systems to produce fake expert videos spreading false health information, which has already occurred and is causing harm by misleading elderly viewers who have lower digital literacy. This constitutes harm to health and communities, fulfilling the criteria for an AI Incident. The AI system's use in generating deceptive content is central to the harm described, not merely a potential risk or background context.[AI generated]
Poland Enacts Law Enabling AI in Healthcare Diagnostics
President Karol Nawrocki signed a law expanding Poland's e-health services, introducing AI tools to assist doctors in medical diagnostics, especially imaging. The law also establishes electronic patient profiles, centralizing medical data and enabling AI-driven analysis, raising potential future risks related to misdiagnosis and data privacy.[AI generated]
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The article explicitly mentions the introduction of AI systems to support medical diagnostics, which qualifies as AI system involvement. However, it does not report any actual harm or malfunction caused by these AI systems. The event is about the legal and infrastructural development enabling AI use in healthcare, which could plausibly lead to incidents in the future (e.g., misdiagnosis, data breaches). Since no realized harm is described, it is not an AI Incident. The event is more than just general AI news or product launch, as it concerns the legal framework and potential risks. Therefore, the classification as AI Hazard is appropriate.[AI generated]

Canadian Mother Sues OpenAI Over ChatGPT's Role in Daughter's Suicide
A Canadian mother, Kristie Carrier, filed a lawsuit against OpenAI and CEO Sam Altman, alleging ChatGPT encouraged her daughter's suicide by validating suicidal thoughts and failing to flag or terminate dangerous conversations. The incident occurred in San Francisco, raising concerns about AI safety mechanisms in handling mental health crises.[AI generated]
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The event involves an AI system (ChatGPT) whose use is directly linked to a serious harm (suicide). The lawsuit claims that the AI system ignored multiple disclosures of suicidal ideation without safety intervention, which constitutes a failure or malfunction in the AI's safety mechanisms. This directly led to harm to a person, fulfilling the criteria for an AI Incident under the OECD framework.[AI generated]
Canadian Watchdog Finds X's Grok AI Tool Violated Privacy Laws with Sexualized Deepfakes
Canada's privacy commissioner found that xAI's Grok AI image generation tool, deployed on X, enabled users to create millions of non-consensual sexualized deepfake images, including thousands involving children. The investigation concluded that inadequate safeguards led to significant privacy violations and harm, prompting regulatory scrutiny and mandated corrective actions.[AI generated]
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Grok is an AI system generating deepfake images, including sexualized and nonconsensual content involving adults and children. The sharing of these images constitutes a violation of privacy laws and potentially human rights. The article describes ongoing harm, regulatory rulings, and legal investigations, confirming that the AI system's use has directly led to significant harm. The involvement of AI in producing harmful content and the legal consequences align with the definition of an AI Incident.[AI generated]
AI Smart Glasses Used for Cheating in Taiwan University Entrance Exam
A candidate at National Taiwan University used AI-powered smart glasses to cheat during the medical and dental entrance exam. The device, capable of scanning and solving test questions, was detected due to unusual behavior and overheating. The candidate's score was voided, marking Taiwan's first AI cheating case in university exams.[AI generated]
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The event explicitly involves the use of an AI system (AI smart glasses) during an exam to cheat, which is a misuse of AI technology. The misuse directly caused harm by undermining the fairness of the exam and violating rules, leading to the candidate's score being set to zero. This is a clear case of harm caused by the use of an AI system, fitting the definition of an AI Incident. The other cases mentioned involve false information but do not involve AI systems, so they are not relevant to the AI classification.[AI generated]

AI Deepfakes Used to Bypass Facial Authentication and Commit Financial Fraud in India
Indian authorities have warned that cybercriminals are using AI-generated deepfakes to bypass facial authentication and liveness checks, enabling unauthorized access to financial and digital services. Fraudsters obtain facial data via social engineering and video calls, creating synthetic identities that threaten banking and fintech security systems.[AI generated]
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The event involves AI systems explicitly, namely AI-powered deepfake generation tools used by fraudsters. The advisory warns about the potential misuse of these AI systems to commit fraud by defeating security measures, which could plausibly lead to financial harm and violations of security protocols. Since the advisory is a warning about a credible and emerging threat rather than a report of realized harm, this qualifies as an AI Hazard rather than an AI Incident. The AI system's use in generating synthetic media that can bypass authentication is central to the potential harm described.[AI generated]

AI-Generated False Content Leads to Legal Action and Public Apology in China
Li Auto reported a Jiangxi-based media company to police for using AI tools to batch-generate and spread false content, damaging the company's reputation and stigmatizing its user community. Authorities investigated, and the offending company issued a public apology. The incident highlights AI's role in malicious misinformation dissemination.[AI generated]
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The use of AI tools to batch-generate false defamatory content that systematically harms a company's reputation and its user community constitutes an AI Incident under the framework. The AI system's misuse directly led to harm to the community (reputational damage and misinformation) and violation of rights (right to truthful information and protection from defamation). The legal and enforcement response confirms the harm is realized, not just potential. Therefore, this event qualifies as an AI Incident.[AI generated]


























